Avoiding Eye Infections with Contact Lenses

Contact lenses have revolutionized vision correction, offering a convenient alternative to traditional glasses. However, with their advantages come certain risks, one of the most concerning being eye infections. If you wear contact lenses or are considering them, understanding the relationship between contact lenses and eye infections is crucial for maintaining optimal eye health.

Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich

The Basics of Contact Lens Care

Contact lenses are delicate instruments that require proper care to ensure they remain safe for your eyes.

• Regular Cleaning: Use only the recommended solutions to clean and store your lenses. Avoid using tap water or saliva, as these can introduce harmful microorganisms.
• Proper Storage: Store lenses in a clean case and replace the case every few months. Always ensure your case is dry before storing your lenses.
• Adherence to Wear Schedule: Follow the prescribed wear schedule. Overwearing lenses can lead to complications, including infections.

Common Types of Eye Infections Linked to Contact Lenses

• Bacterial Keratitis: Bacterial keratitis is an infection of the cornea, often caused by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Symptoms include redness, pain, blurred vision, and increased sensitivity to light. This infection can be severe and requires prompt treatment with antibiotics.
• Fungal Keratitis: Fungal keratitis, caused by fungi like Fusarium, can be particularly challenging to treat. It often occurs in individuals who have had prolonged exposure to contaminated water or have experienced trauma to the eye. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, and discharge. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications.
• Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but serious infection of the cornea caused by a microscopic organism called Acanthamoeba. Though it is not a frequent occurrence, the risk is notably higher for contact lens wearers due to the nature of lens use and care.

How Contact Lenses Increase Infection Risk

Contact lenses can increase the risk of eye infections due to several factors.

• Reduced Oxygen Supply: Contact lenses, especially those made from older materials, can limit the amount of oxygen that reaches the cornea. This reduced oxygen supply can compromise the eye’s natural defenses against infections.
• Microtrauma: Improper handling or insertion of contact lenses can cause microtrauma to the corneal surface, making it more susceptible to infection. Small scratches or abrasions provide a gateway for bacteria and other pathogens.
• Contaminated Solutions and Cases: Using expired or contaminated cleaning solutions and contact lens cases can introduce harmful microorganisms into your eyes. Even minor contamination can lead to serious infections.

Photo by Ivan Samkov

Prevention Strategies

To minimize the risk of eye infections, follow these preventive measures.

• Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly before handling your contact lenses. Avoid touching your eyes or lenses with dirty hands.
• Follow Replacement Schedules: Adhere to the recommended replacement schedule for your lenses, whether they are daily, bi-weekly, or monthly. Using lenses beyond their intended lifespan can increase the risk of infection.
• Use Approved Solutions: Always use cleaning and disinfecting solutions recommended by your eye care professional. Avoid using homemade or off-brand solutions.
• Regular Eye Exams: Regular contact lens exams with your eye care provider can help detect early signs of potential problems. Your eye care professional can also provide personalized advice on lens care and hygiene.

Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich

While contact lenses offer a comfortable and practical solution for vision correction, they come with a set of risks, including eye infections. By understanding these risks and adhering to proper lens care practices, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing an infection. Always consult with your eye care provider to ensure your contact lens use is safe and appropriate for your individual needs.